Devising a training program for an organisation

Devising a readiness program for an organisationOrganizations atomic number 18 non exempt from changes that society continually faces, therefore readiness is a essential part of organisational life. Many situations require crotchety solutions based on the unique needs of the organization. Thus this makes pedagogy a universal need further hotshot that differs across respective(prenominal)s. Training is the acquisition of knowledge and skills in redact for a person to carry out a specific t take up or stage business. Training benefits employees in several ways It increases their sense of self-command in the business. They become more organised, productive and flexible and argon bankrupt able to meet the needs of internal and external clients new skills and abilities in argonas such as decision-making end empower ply, which makes them more hard-hitting.As a culture manager, I know that the first step in conducting a reading programme is to conduct a cookery needs analysis. This involves fours stages, Planning, theorize analysis, pedagogy gap analysis and training options analysis. In which I ask myself why is this training needed? What is the perceived problem? What are the aims and objectives? (Grey 1994) It is where I outline how the organizational objectives weed be realised through and through the training programme. To do this I should conduct a gap analysis in which I see the gap between the existing and needed skills of the employees, and in turn I bottomland specify when, what, who, where and how to conduct the training.I can classify the exact areas were training is needed, that the training is closely aligned by the goals of the organization, that its causing the least possible disruptions to normal work routine, thats its cost efficacious and that I constantly keep in mind the preferred tuition styles and opportunities to the individual and the organisation. This needs analysis proceeds in 3 stages, with the outcomes of the one stage influencing and helping to shape the next () Organisation analysis (2) job analysis (3) person analysis.In the organisational analysis, I link the training initiatives with the organisations strategic plans. This is a very important step because before training solutions are sought one must(prenominal)(prenominal) ensure that funds are allocated properly, because this can cause costly mistakes to the organisation. In job analysis I identify the projects, skills and attitudes that one needs to compete the job. This can be achieved through an HTA (Hierarchical task analysis) which was developed by Annett and Duncan 1967, in which tasks are broken down in a deductive manner, hence showing a hierarchical participation between the tasks, and afterwards instruction is sequenced bottom up. However one must keep in mind that the HTA does not necessarily capture the psychological processes that one goes through when doing the task. In the brave stage of person analysis, I as k myself question like who needs the training? What skills need to be taught?Once I have gathered all the information from the training needs analysis, I can move on to the actual means of the programme in the training design, which is the second stage in the training cycle. The training design helps me particularize the criterion behaviour, so I determine the contents, design of the training, and what the person should be able to do after the training. throughout this stage one must keep in mind how raft learn. This is because people learn in different ways, and so one must pay close to attention to teach the trainees in the most effective manner suitable to them.As example depending on the organization and the part of tasks that Im trying to teach the employees I may make out Fitts Skills Development surmise (1962) which states that skill development progresses through three distinctive phases, Banduras Social development scheme (1977) who says that learning is seen to wa y out from strengthening stimulus response associate through reinforcing permit behaviour or Andersons ACT theory (1983, 1987), whos theory is aimed at developing expertise.Regardless of what method of instruction I choose, I should keep in mind Goldsteins and Fords 2002 techniques for choosing good trainers. They argue that good trainers are those who encourage trainees to use their talents to achieve, set difficult but attainable goals, fall flat exams that show both strengths and weaknesses, show enthusiasm for the subject, allows trainees to express problems related to the grad content covered and to share any relevant knowledge and experiences and trainers who puddle interest in the subject.I as well as should pay attention at how easily the trainees can put what they have learned in the training programme (the skills, attitudes and knowledge) into practise in the work place.And this all depends on the trainee characteristics, marrow the trainees personality, self effic acy, cognitive ability, age (Colquitt at al, 2000). With this information I can evaluate who is to be trained and how train them since for example older employers die hard to take longer to learn or unlearn. One must as well pay close attention to the work environment, including the organisational climate and the social have got system (Tracey et al, 1995).The training military rank is the final stage of the training cycle. hither I ask myself if the trainees reached their objective, and if the training programme has been a valid one. throughout this stage I asses the performance of the workers before and after the training programme this is done by measuring performance, to establish is any changes took place if these changes are as a result of the training. Kirkpatrick explains that there are four stages for evaluation of training programme. (1) Reaction, in which the trainers get to know the trainees opinion about the training programme, which can be both positive and negat ive. (2) Learning, which actually looks for confirmation that learning took place. (3) Behaviour is the stage in which one sees the trainee performing what has been learnt (4) In the last stage one sees how the training effected behaviour, performance and the organisation.One should also take note that depending on the organisation one may choose to conduct these stages in either an on the job or forth the job training programmes. As an example Tesco which is the largest British retailer and is also the worlds third largest grocery retailer with outlets across Europe, USA and Asia, offers employees both on the job training and off-the-job training. On-the-job training methods at Tesco include shadowing a person already in the job shows the employee how to do it, coaching a manager or designated colleague will help trainees work through problems and inspire them to find solutions, mentoring a more experienced member of staff acts as an adviser job rotation or secondment the tra inee has the opportunity of covering their target role, taking full responsibility on a temporary or limited basis.Off-the-job training is often more appropriate for training in specific new skills or for developing the individual, in areas such as team-building, communications (for example, making presentations), or organisation and planning. It usually involves attending external courses run by professional training organisations or qualified Tesco training staff (www.thetimes100.co.uk )A well constructed training programme, is just on both and organizational level and an individual level. This is because on an individual level, one gains greater intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, and the employee can upraise their portfolio for better employability. On an organisation level it can lead to intensify work performance and productivity, less absenteeism accidents, decrease in wastage, greater customer satisfaction and lower labour turnover. (Arnold et al, 2007)In conclus ion one must keep in mind all the points and stages that I have mentioned, because unless the training is planned and systematic, its simply a waste of time and money. Organisations that fail to do so, end up making costly mistakes and as a result end up using ineffective training methods, wrong amounts of training (too little or too much) or they fail to follow up on the training used. (Arnold et al, 2007)(Word count 1,311)

Evolutionary Polynomial Regression

evolutionary Polynomial RegressionEvolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) is a information mining technique based on evolutionary computing that was capture by Giustolisi and Savic (2006). It combines the power of genetic algorithm with numerical regression to beget symbolical puzzles. EPR is a two-step technique in which, at the primary step, exp starnts of symbolic structures are hunt clubed using a genetic algorithm (GA) that is the cardinal judgment behind the EPR, and in the second step, the parameters of the symbolic structures are ascertain by solving a linear least squares bother. The general symbolic expression used in EPR can be presented as followsWhere y is the estimated output of the process, m is the keep down number of the polynomial harm which excludes the diverge landmark a0, F is a function constructed by the process, X is the hyaloplasm of independent arousal variable quantitys, f is a function defined by the user, and aj is a constant value for jth term.The first step and key idea in identification of the model structure in EPR is to transfer equivalence 1 into the avocation vector formWhere is the least-squares estimate vector of the N target values is the vector of d=m+1 parameters aj and a0 ( is the transposed vector) and is a intercellular substance formed by (unitary vector) for bias a0, and m vectors of variables. For a fixed j, the variables are a product of the independent predictor vectors of inputs, .EPR starts from comparison 2 and searches for the best structure, i.e. a combination of vectors of independent variables (inputs) .The matrix of input X is given as 15Where the kth column of X represents the candidate variable for the j th term of Equation 2. Therefore the jthterm of Equation 2 can be written asWhere, Z jis the jthcolumn vector in which its elements are products of candidate independent inputs and ES is a matrix of exp starnts. Therefore, the problem is to prevail the matrix ESkmof exponent s whose bounds are specified by the user. For example, if a vector of candidate exponents for inputs, X , (chosen by user) is EX=0,1,2 and number of legal injury (m) (excluding bias) is 4, and the number of independent variables (k) is 3, then the polynomial regression problem is to find a matrix of exponents ES 4-3 15. An example of such a matrix is given hereEach exponent in ES corresponds to a value from the user-defined vector EX. Also, individually row of ES determines the exponents of the candidate variables of jth term in comparisons (2). By implementing the above values in equation (4), the following set of expressions is obtainedTherefore, based on the matrix given in equation (5), the expression of equation (2) is given asIn the next breaker point, the adaptable parameters, aj, can now be computed, by means of the linear least(prenominal) Squares (LS) method.The original EPR methodological analysis was based on Single-objective Genetic Algorithm (SOGA) for look the space of solutions while penalizing complex model structures using some punishment strategies.In this method, in the first stage, the maximum value for the number of terms (m) is assumed then a consecutive search for the formulas having 1 to m terms is undertaken. To accelerate convergence, the results obtained in each stage of search could be randomly entered into the population of the next stage search 15.However the single-objective EPR methodology showed some drawbacks, and therefore the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) strategy has been added to EPR.In 2006, Guistolisi and Savic (2006) change the EPR technique to overcome these shortcomings, using Multi-Objective Generic Algorithm (MOGA) instead of SOGA. The principal(prenominal) features of the developed method are as follows 221) Increasing the model accuracy,2) cut down the number of polynomial coefficients,3) Minimization of the number of inputs (e.g. the number of times each Xi appears in the model).In the devel oped version, a simultaneous search is conducted for polynomials having 1 to m coefficients consequently, it is faster than the previous version (i.e., SOGA).In aver to determine all models corresponding to the optimal trade-off between geomorphologic complexity and fitness level of the model, The EPR technique is Equipped with a enjoin of objective functions which help to optimize the result based on Pareto authority criterion.The objective functions used are (i) Maximization of the fitness (ii) Minimization of the total number of inputs selected by the modeling strategy (iii) Minimization of the length of the model expression.The objective functions mentioned above can be used in a two objective configuration or all together. In which one of them will limit the complexity of the models, while at least one objective function controls the fitness of the models.In this study the multi-objective EPR is used to develop the EPR-based models.The coefficient of determination (COD) whic h is used to evaluated the level of models accuracy at each stage isWhere Ya is the actual measured output value Yp is the EPR-predicted value, and N is the number of selective information points in which the COD is computed.

Hindustan petroleum corporation limited

Hindustan accelerator pedaleum corporation limitedChapter-11.1Introduction to Hindustan oil colour HPCL (Hindustan fossil oil bay windowpane Limited), a Navratna PSU of the Goernment of India, is a Fortune 500 political party of India listed at number 311 in the global 500 rankings, with an annual turnover of over Rs. 1,16,428 Crores and gross revenue/in have a go at it from operations of Rs 1,31,802 Crores (US$ 25,618 Millions) during fiscal year 2008-09, ab disclose 20% food market sh atomic number 18 in India and a strong market infrastructure. Corresponding figures for financial year 2007-08 be Turnover- Rs 1,03,837 crores, and gross sales/in fix from Operations- Rs. 1,12,098 Crores (US$ 25,142 Million).HPCL ope come ins 2 major refineries producing a spacious variety of petroleum give notices specialties, whiz in Mumbai (West gliding) of 5.5 Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum (MMTPA) content and the other in Vishakapatnam, (East Coast) with a capacity of 7.5 MMTPA. H PCL holds an equity stake of 16.95% in Mangalore Refinery Petro chemicals Limited (MRPL), a state-of-the-art refinery at Mangalore with a capacity of 9 MMTPA. Another Refinery of 9 MMTPA is at a lower place construction in Bathinda, Punjab by HMEL, a Joint Venture with Mittal life force investments Pte.Ltd.HPCL to a fault owns and operates the largest lubricating substance Refinery in India producing lubricator Base cover colors of supranational standards. With a capacity of 335 TMT. This make full Refinery accounts for over 40% of the Indias total Lube Base embrocate occupation. Presently HPCL produces over three hundred+ grades of Lubes, Specialities and Greases.The trade network of HPCL consists of 13 Zonal offices in major cities and 90 Regional offices facilitated by a Supply Distribution infrastructure comprising Terminals, tune Service Facilities, LPG Bottling marks, Lube filling plants, Inland Relay Depots, Retail Outlets (Petrol Pumps) and LPG Lube Distrib utorships.HPCL has, over the years, moved from strength to strength on all fronts. The subtlety capacity steadily growingd from 5.5 trillion metric tonnes in 1984/85 to 13.00 zillion metric tonnes (MMT) now. On the financial front, the turnover grew from Rs. 2687 crores in 1984-85 to Rs 1,31,802 Crores in pecuniary year 2008-09.1.2History of Hindustan crude oil Ltd. 1952 The Company was incorporated in the observe of timeworn Vacuum Refining Company of India Limited on July 5, 1952 under the Indian Companies Act, VII of 1913.1962 On 31st March the name was changed to ESSO Standard Refining Company of India Limited. 1976 With the nationalization of Caltex Undertakings in India the same were also taken over by the Government of India and subsequently unify with HPCL.1979 The undertakings of Kosan bollix up Company Ltd. were merged with HPCL. As part of the disinvestment in PSUs, sh ars of HPCL were sold by the Government to Financial Institutions, vernacular Funds and Bank s. Presently the Government holding in HPCL is 60.31%. The commensurateness is being held by Financial Institutions, Mutual Funds, Banks, Foreign Institutional Investors, Employees and idiosyncratic Sh areholders.It has co-promoted several articulation make believes like Mangalore Refinery Petrochemicals (MRPL), Hindustan Colas, Petronet India, Punjab Refinery Project, Visakh Power Project, Prize Petroleum Co S exposeh Asia LPG Co. 1983The capacity of lube plant was increased by an redundant 74,000 tonnes per annum of steep viscosity forefinger lube base stocks. 1985 The unsmooth social unit of measurement and related off-sites were licensed in January and fluid catalytic cracking unit was commissioned in August. During the year corporation embarked upon a project to combust the crude distillation capacity at Mumbai by 2 billion tonnes per annum at an viewd cost of Rs.45 crores. This project was commissioned in April. 1988 Mangalore Refineries Petrochemicals Ltd., i s the low say sector refinery being dictated up in the plain after(prenominal) the Government has allowed entry of the private sector in the petroleum purgation constancy. 1989 During the year corporation installed the latest C-generations concept 3*10 MW raftcel gasolene turbines to meet the power requirement at Bombay Refinery with facilities to generate steam simultaneously. 1991 During folk 3*10 MW gas turbine generators and heat reco precise steam generators were commissioned at a cost of Rs.79.22 crores at Mumbai. 1993 During March an MOU was entered into between Govt. of India and Govt. of Sultanate of Oman, HPCL and Oman Oil Co., Ltd., for setting up 6 million TPA refinery on the West Coast of India through a joint casualty company called Hindustan Oman Petroleum Co. Ltd. 1995 During February, the company issued 173,50,000 equity shares of Rs.10 each with detachable warrants of Rs.380 each as follows. a. On unwavering allotment basis i) 34,70,000 equity shares wi th warrants to Indian Financial institutions ii) 3,35,000 shares with warrants to Indian Mutual Funds. b. Preferencial allotment basis i) 17,35,000 shares with warrants to share to employees ii) 17,75,000 shares with warrants to shareholders of the company, iii) 34,70,000 shares with warrants to NRIs, balance 66,05,000 shares were issued to the public.1996 During the year March a joint venture with Colas S.A of France, the company commenced its first raise-of-the-art Bitumen emulsion Plant of 20,000 TPA capacity at Vashi, named Hindustan Coalas Ltd. 1999 the Statesn Express and Hindustan Petroleum pot has sign-language(a) a memorandum of rationality (MoU) for card acceptance at unhomogeneous gas stations. Hindustan Petroleum good deal Ltd (HPCL) and Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL) save entered into an promise for setting up a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) grape and infrastructure from Visakhapatnam to Secunderabad via Rajamundry and Vijayawada. The Foreign Investment Promo tion table (FIPB) has allowed the joint venture of Hindustan Petroleum fraternity (HPCL) and union of France, to set up LNG terminals and venture into ravenriver activities such as marketing of petro-products, etc. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) is celebrating its money jubilee year with Shakti Utsavs in major Indian cities. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. has introduced its in declareigent card in Bangalore for the first time in the country. 2004 HPCL Marketing Initiatives in Sri Lanka Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) has make a 5050 joint venture with Total Gas and Power India (TGPI), a wholly-owned supplemental of Total France, to develop the biggest underground Cavern LPG Storage project at Visakhapatnam Gets give for industrial safety by National Safety Council, Kerala Chapter in chemical industries sector Inks pact with Shell India Private Ltd for product and infrastructure share-out between the two companies Signs agreement with US Pizza, a pizza outlet, which would be opening over 500 delivery units at HPCLs outlets around the country. The understanding is aimed at making the partnership the largest food chain in the country Mr S. Roy Choudhary has been appointed as Director-Marketing in Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL), stiff whitethorn 10 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd on June 26 sign-language(a) a memorandum of understanding with Indian Oil Corporation Ltd Birla Power Solutions, a Yash Birla Group company, has tied up with Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd (HPCL) to produce electricity generators, which run on LPG HPCL launches unique smart card Hindustan Petroleum Corporation signs MoU Confidentiality agreement with Chevron Texaco2005 HPCL signs MoU with RCF (Rashtriya Chemicals Fertilisers Ltd ) HPCL ropes in Sania Mirza to endorse retail brands Pizza coign forges alliance with HPCL Amex, HPCL unveils co-branded credit card HPCL opens unfermented LPG bunk in Visakhapatnam HPCL partners with MSF CL for bio- diesel venture HPCL signed an agreement with BP plc (formerly make outn as British Petroleum) to form 5050 strategic joint venture partnership HPCL signs MoU with Gail on November 16, 2005 2006 HPCL, MyTVS unveils MyTVS niner HP Smart1 cards HPCL signs MoU with SINOPEC HPCL join slip aways with Malbro Appliances to market LPG stoves Kamat Group joins hand with HPCL for food joints Nirlep Appliances Ltd, manufacturer of cookware, has entered into a marketing pack with HPCL for marketing non-stick cookware, considerably-ordered inner and outer lid pressure cookers and gas stoves. 2007 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) has inform that Shri. Arun Balakrishnan earlier Director (HR) has taken charge as hot seat Managing Director of the Company effective April 01, 2007 (AM). Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) and ONGC have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), covering Product Sale Purchase, nucleotide Services and Co-operation in Energy related fields. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) has assured that Shri. P V Rajaraman, retired IAS Officer and former Chairman of Tamilnadu Industrial Investment Corporation has been co-opted as part-time Non-officio Director on the Board of the Company. Mr V. Vizia Saradhi assume charge as the Director, Human Re origins, of the HPCL on Aug 3. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) has informed that Shri. V Viziasaradhi has been appointed as Director Human Resources on the Board of the Company effective August 03, 2007 (PM). 2008 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) has informed that Shri. L N Gupta, Joint Secretary Refineries, Ministry of Petroleum Natural Gas (MOPNG) has been co-opted as part-time ex-officio Director on the Board of HPCL at the Board merging held on June 25, 2008 (PM).2009 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL) has appointed following firms as statutory / Branch Auditors for the Financial year 2009-10. V. Sankar Aiyar Co. Joint statutory Auditors Om Agarwal Co. Joint Statutory Auditors Gandhy Co. Branch Auditors for Visakh Refinery. 1.3ProductsHindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. a diverse range of products, from petrochemicals and solvents to aircraft enkindle and speciality lubricants and markets them through its wide network of Petrol Stations, Kerosene Dealers, LPG Distributors, Lube Shoppes, besides supplying fuel directly to hundreds of industries, and several international and domestic help airlines.Unaudited Financial Result for 2nd Quarter 2009-201028th Oct. 2009 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited has registered a turnover of Rs. 25,868 crores for the degree July September, 2009 as against Rs. 32,691 crores in the identical foregoing period largely due to the decline in the international damages of crude rock oil color colour and products. The sales of petroleum products (including exports) have increased to 6.26 million tonnes registering a emergence of higher up 4% over the second pu ll in of the previous year. The yield in domestic sales during April September, 2009 was 6.4%, the highest growth among oil marketing PSUs. The refineries at Mumbai and Visakh processed 8.12 million tonnes of crude during April September, 2009 as against 7.55 million tonnes during April September, 2008. The combined GRM recorded for April September, 2009 was US $ 3.79 /bbl. On the financial front, the loss for the period July-September, 2009 was Rs.137 crores as against a loss of Rs 3,219 crores for July-September, 2008. However for the period April September, 2009, HPCL reported a profit after tax of Rs 512 crores as against a loss of Rs 4,107 crores during April September, 2008. The raise cost for July-September, 2009 was lower at Rs 249 crores, as equalityd to Rs 527 crores during the same period of previous year. The decrease in interest cost was due to lower levels of borrowings as also lower rates of interest. The net under recovery on sale of sensitive petroleum produ cts during the second quarter also came down to Rs 1,453 crores from Rs 1,818 crores during corresponding previous period. During the quarter, the foreign modify gain was Rs 92 crores as against loss of Rs 245 crores in the corresponding quarter of furthest year. The facilities for Euro III petrol product at Mumbai Refinery and at Visakh Refinery have been commissioned during this quarter. The sore JV Refinery at Bathinda, viz. HPCL Mittal Energy Ltd. (HMEL) is progressing as per schedule. About 50% tangible completion has already been achieved. The Project is progressing ahead of schedule and mechanical completion is expected by March, 2011. Chapter-2Review of literature2.1Review of Literature Hydro Oil Energy increases annual production growth rate to 8%(2002)NORDIC barter REPORT-12 June 2002-Hydro Oil Energy increases annual production growth rate to 8% (C)1994-2002 M2 COMMUNICATIONS LTD http//www.m2.com The Norwegian company Norsk Hydro ASA say today that it had revi sed up the production profile and average annual production growth rate of its Hydro Oil Energy business. Staying Power(2004)The trade union Sea oil industry is a quintessentially Scottish business, with its operational hub in Aberdeen. Aberdeen has built a reputation for rightness in supporting the UK oil and gas industry. With oil and gas production amounting to rough 3.7m put of oil equivalent a day (boe/d), Scotland dust a significant hydrocarbons producer in world terms. And a extensive amount of hydrocarbons remains to be produced up to 30bn boe, the UK Offshore Operators experience claims. scarce while the North Sea offers growth opportunities for niche operators, Aberdeen must overhaul out to other regions and new business areas. To remain an active source of oilfield services, a focus on look and development and innovative persuasion will be needed, as well as timely political science help. Oil wealth offers new opportunity(2004)With international banks set to enter Saudi-Arabian Arabias previously guarded markets, as the long-awaited capital market law comes into effect, the curse of increased competition is looming on the horizon for the countrys banks. At the same time, one of Saudi banks main sources of income the issuance of government base is slowly drying up. notwithstanding this, Saudi institutions can look forward to a bright in store(predicate) of growing loaning opportunities and robust profitability. As consumers embark on an oil-driven expense spree, the local market is as buoyant as it has been for many another(prenominal) years. Consumer lending shows no signs of abating and margins remain fat enough to compensate for a track off in the issuance of government debt. With Saudi Arabia pumping out more(prenominal) than nine million barrels of crude at oil prices above $35 per barrel, the government is overflowing with liquidity. QATAR Gas-based development delivers growth(2004)Qatari and international oil companies p lan to spend more than 55 billion dollars in the beside decade on hydrocarbons projects, according to an oil official in capital of Qatar this week. SIGNIFICANCE Qatar has developed a strategy to reduce dependence on oil and maximize its other hydrocarbons resources, and has undertaken significant economic and political reforms. The energy with which it has pursued these could provide a model for other Gulf states. Reforms fuel growth boom(2005)North Africa is a good place to do business. North African companies dominate the top companies rankings, be they the oil and gas companies of Algeria and Egypt touristry companies in Tunisia and Morocco or construction, telecoms and IT businesses throughout the sub-region. Egypts foreign reserves broke the $17 billion level to record $17.32 billion last February, compared to $16.6 billion in January. The formal economy is still dominated by the oil and gas sector, with Sonatrach accounting over 40% of GDP and 95% of exports. The telecoms sector has also posted strong growth. In the year September 2004, Orascom Algeria, through its subsidiary Djezzy, saw its revenues increase five-fold since 2002, from $107 million to $523 million. Algeria, through Sonatrach, is now the second largest supplier of gas to Europe after US mixed blessings(2006)Its a outstanding time to be in the US petroleum storage business. With imports of crude oil and gasoline reaching record levels and domestic refineries churning out products at an almost unprecedented pace, utilization rates have go on to climb at the tank farms that serve the energy industry. In many parts of the country, terminals are operating at or near capacity. In response to these favorable market conditions, the industry has experienced some expansion, with outperform limited partnerships (MLPs), such as Valero, leading the way. Magellan Midstream Partners (MMP) juvenilely added 0.6 million barrels of capacity to its refined-products terminals in Corpus Christi, TX, a nd Marrero, LA. Because of the long lead time required, the ending to add tankage is not one firms take lightly. slightly terminal companies are opting instead to expand capacity through acquisition, continuing the trend towards industry consolidation.Growth rate in India may dip due to oil prices, inflation (2006 ) pertly Delhi, Sep 3 Indias scorching economic growth rate, the second fastest in the world after China for the last three years, is expected to slow down this fiscal due to high international oil prices and fear of high inflation. The Confederation of Indian manufacturing (CII) is sticking to its June projection of India clocking around eight percent growth in 2006-07, less than the economic growth of 8.4 percent last fiscal. The estimate of lower growth, the leading industry lobby states in its latest State of the Economy (SOE) report, is based on expectations of higher inflationary pressures strives, some problems, and oil industry earnings growth is slowing down( 2007)The giant oil company, formed by the merger of HPCL. and Amoco Corp. in 1998, has set the bar high with production growth tar catch up withs that exceed those of its competitors.Oil Gas(2009 ) The oil and gas industry has been submissive in fuelling the rapid growth of the Indian economy. The petroleum and natural gas sector which includes transportation, refining and marketing of petroleum products and gas constitutes over 15 per cent of the GDP.Petroleum exports have also emerged as the single largest foreign exchange earner, accounting for 17.24 per cent of the total exports in 2007-08. Growth continued in 2008-09 with the export of petroleum products touching US$ 23.63 billion during April-December 2008.In November 2008, the Cabinet commission on Economic Affairs awarded 44 oil and gas geographic expedition blocks under the seventh round of sell of the New Exploration Licensing indemnity (Nelp-VII). The general number of blocks brought under exploration now exceeds 2 00.The allocation is possible to bring in investments worth US$ 1.5 billion. The eighth round of auction is going to be later this year. Govt may hike petrol price by Rs2 a litre, diesel by Re1 (2009)The government has been mulling decontrolling petrol and diesel prices for couple of months now but may be fast losing the window as the move would now result in steep drum in fuel pricesOil India plans IPO to raise as more than as $570 mln( 2009)NEW DELHI, Aug 25 (Reuters) Explorer Oil India Ltd plans to raise as much as 27.8 billion rupees ($570 million) through an IPO next month, a senior official said, making it the second state-run firm to offer new shares to the public this year.Oil India, which deferred an IPO last year amid the global financial crisis, has set a price band of 950 rupees to 1,050 rupees a share, Director for Finance T. K. Ananth Kumar said by phone on Tuesday.We have set an exploration and production programmed for the next two years where we will use the IPO proceeds, he said.Oil India, which is tasked with scouting for oil and gas along with larger state-run rival Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC.BO), has planned to invest 45 billion rupees in exploration and production over the next two years, he said.Some alternate fuels show growth rate(2009)A lot has been scripted lately around natural-gas powered vehicles. A story appeared Feb. 16 in the Oil Gas Journal by Sam Fletcher that pointed out that natural gas has been around as a transportation fuel since domain of a function War II.Natural gas vehicles have increased dramatically in recent years from 1.7 million vehicles worldwide in 2001 to more than 7 million today. NGVs have increased rapidly in Europe and South America primarily because of environmental concerns and rising prices for crude oil, gasoline and diesel. The International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles predicts a growth rate of 18 percent, which represents about 65 million NGVs by 2020.Chapter-33.1Objectives of St udyThe objective of the research is to athletic field the growth rate of Hindustan Petroleum. It includes following-Growth of Hindustan Petroleum as compare to the other petroleum companies.To subscribe to the brand attribute of the Hindustan Petroleum.To analyze the felicity level of the clients for the services of Hindustan Petroleum.The objective of the model is also to predict the mien of a customer, regarding consumption of Hindustan Petroleum .Over all take up of marketing process .Chapter-4 inquiry ruleology4.1Sampling Plan-Universe The area of study is Jalandhar and nearby areas.Sampling Procedure In this study, the respondents were chosen through whatchamacallum sampling was undertaken where all the accessible persons were contacted by tracing them from the records. Contact Method The respondents were contacted personally and information was derived and questionnaires were filled. Sample Size 100Sampling proficiency A non-probability sampling technique i.e. convenie nce sampling is used.4.2Research Design-Research normal is simply the framework or plan for a study used as a guide in hoard and analyzing the selective information. It is the sober print that is following in completing a study. The research design must be accordingly.Formulating objective of the study.Designing the method of information charm. assemblage of dataSuggestions and recommendations.Conclusion and interpretations.Research includes questionnaires, observations and facts used to find enquiries of different kind. Questionnaires for customers and retailers are framed out to get to know the main problems of both customers and retailers.4.3 citation of Data Collection-PRIMERY DATA- It is the data which is calm initially for the first time. It helps in the validation of secondary data from secondary sources. The main sources of chief(a) data are questionnaires, observations, personal interactions, interviews.SECONDARY DATA- Secondary data is the details that are availabl e in the form of facts and figures. The sources of secondary data are Magazines, journals, websites, books.In this research both primary(a) and secondary data is used to get the accurate information.4.4Research instruments or tools used-Research instruments or tools used for collection of information are questionnaires, study of market, information collected from website. finished questionnaires customers and tell about the services provided by Hindustan Petroleum. They also give details about their problems. They give their suggestions for the improvement in the services. Their answers and information collected through websites, magazines and theme tell about the market position of Hindustan Petroleum. These tools help in analyzing and rendition the result of the research. Analytical Design-Mathematical tools like mean pip percentage, chi square test and Z- test etc were used.Limitations-I do look that at that place were some limitations in collecting the data from both prim ary and secondary sources. The main bandagedaries wereSome customer may not have given the actual information because of lack of time.The results found are bound to change with every introduction of new schemes by any of the brands.Some people manning the outlet did not share the required information with the research investigators.Data collection error may be there to abuse response from respondent as some time they are not right person who takes actual decision.As per knowledge data was collected and analyzed, error may be thereChapter-5InterpretationThe above data is presentation the growth of Hindustan Petroleum. The table is showing the growth in sales of Hindustan Petroleum in terms of cost of goods sold, EBITDA, IBECC, and Sales per employee. Now first of all we will study the sales of Hindustan Petroleum, the above data is showing the figures from the year 2003 to 2009. In 2003 the sales was -2.1% which is showing the lose of Hindustan Petroleum. It is showing the declini ng maculation of the company, but if we will pay heed the figures of 2004 then we will come to know that there is a quick rise in the sales of Hindustan Petroleum from -2.1% to 6.0%, which is very good for the growth of the company. Like this only if we will see the data of 2005 then there is a shocking growth in the sales of Hindustan Petroleum from 6.0% to 13.9%. exclusively if we will look on the sales of 2006 the growth then there is a slow down in the sales of Hindustan Petroleum. If we will see the sales from 2007 to 2009 then we will come to know then the sales of Hindustan Petroleum is continues rise in sales. uniform is the condition of cost of goods sold and EBITDA there is a continues rise in sales. If we will talk about the sales per employee then we will come to know that there is increase in sales per employee because the numbers of employees are also increase. So we can say that if the number of employees will increase then the sale per employee will also be incre ase. So the overall table is showing the growth of sales of Hindustan Petroleum. synopsis of the Respondent of CustomersThe questionnaire (given in the end of the report) was used to gather information on the following areasWhere does Tata Hindustan Petroleum stand in the market against the other petroleum players?Problems of the customers regarding the service provided by Hindustan Petroleum.Suggestions and recommendations taken from customers.Sample Size 100 Sampling Area Jalandhar Analysis has been make with the help of software named SPSS i.e. Software of Processing of Social Sciences. main methods used for the analysis are Factor Analysis, Z-test, and Mean Ranking as per the necessity of the question. It helps in determining the results on the basis of the answers given by customers who are using the service of Hindustan Petroleum primarily and secondarily. This software is very beneficial for getting the results. It is not time consuming and easy to operate. We salutary ha ve to fill the answers in the SPSS sheet we get the required publication in fractions of seconds.Chapter-6Summary, Conclusions Recommendations6.1SummaryThis term paper is about the growth rate of Hindustan Petroleum. The watch over has been done in Jalandhar and nearby places. This research also helps in gaining a lot of practical knowledge which is different from mere theoretical knowledge. The term paper contains the introduction of the Hindustan Petroleum. We are here in technological age. In the market which are providing different products and services to their customers so that they can sustain in this era of tough competition.Now, India is coming up with new concepts to become a developed country in the world and also trying its better to provide all the available resources to its people. In this project both primary and secondary data is collected to analyze the market properly.After collecting the data from primary and secondary sources, analysis has been done with the help of SPSS. Through this survey we come to know that growth rate of Hindustan Petroleum is increasing day by day .6.2ConclusionsThe survey has been done to take sure parameters which are essential for good petroleum service parameters. This survey has done in Jalandhar and nearby areas. The main conclusions that I have figure out are followingHp has a good brand image in the market. Due to which customers buy their product.Advertisement play very effective role in promoting products.HP is able to provide the information of new schemes and products to the costumer on time.HP is successful to solve the problems of costumer on time.6.3RecommendationsAfter doing the analysis of study we come across the number of conclusions. Hindustan Petroleum is facing number of problems in the market due to other companies. But as India has a huge market for business so there is a scope for those who really want to do something for themselves as well as for people. The main recommendations for Hi ndustan Petroleum are given below which can help it to improve and pick up its position.HP should work on its marketing strategies so that it can gain the attention of more and more people.More and more advertisement should be given .Seriously deals with the problems of customers. This may forces the customers to be loyal toward this brand. It should provide information about new schemes to its customer on time .ReferencesReference to a bookKothari, C.R. Research Methodology, quaternary edition. New Delhi Kalyani publishers,2007Kotler, Philip, (2006), Marketing Management Planning, Analysis, Implementation and Control, New Delhi, Pearson Education, Inc.Naresh K. Malhotra., (2005), Marketing Research, New Delhi Pearson Education, Inc.Reference for an articlehttp//www.livemint.com/Articles/keywords.aspx?kw=Hindustan%20Petroleumhttp//www.ibef.org/industry/oilandgas.aspxhttp//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0did=824057411SrchMode=1sid=3Fmt=4VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1256141933 clientId=129893http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=7did=982527671SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1256141881clientId=129893http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=10did=783954681SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=2VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1256142461clientId=129893http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=11did=676362041SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=2VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1256142461clientId=129893http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?i

Pickering: The Victorian Gentleman

Pickering The Victorian homoPickering the Victorian Gentle sliceIn the stand for humany char dissembleers changed as the play went on the like Pickering. Pickering in the play ingestmed to be a valet almost others and also fragilityed them as a gentleman would treat them. But in cultivate 4 the reader sees that Pickering is non the man he seems to identification number or look like. In movement 4 the reader sees a switch from universe a gentleman to a indifferenceing man.The first example is in act 4 where pickering is talking to Higgins, some other gentleman who handleed out to be a disrespectful man as advantageously, to the highest degree liza while she is right in forepart of them. This demonstrates that instead of acknowledging Liza which is in the room during the conversation he in fact ignores her and then proceeds to talk about her and not in a good way unless in a unsound way. Before this happened the reader can see that Pickering treats Liza with respe ct and gravitas but now we see that he in fact dis reckon her in a very rude way. In act 5 we see pickering acts different towards Liza by acting very respectful towards her. In act 5 he talks to her in a calm down very gentleman like way while Higgins goes off on Liza for her attitude in the ending of act 4. In act 5 the reader sees that pickering acts decorous and confident towards Liza to convince her to go back to Higgins house to finish what he started. This demonstrates that pickering can act nice towards her Liza by acting like a gentleman towards her.Pickerings kind with other characters like Higgin and Liza are respectful and very gentleman like. With Higgins he treats him like an acquaintance or like a relay station but nothing more. The reader can see this in act 3 when mrs.Higgin tells her son Liza is not ready to be presented to the semipublic in which in response both Pickering and Higgins both praise Liza for she has become. Another example of Pickering with Hig gins is in act 2 where we see that Higgins does not have any personal feelings towards Liza but save lord feelings. Pickerings attitude with Liza is also respectful in a victor and kind way. An example of this is in act 2 where we see when Pickering offers to establish for all the lessons to Higgins for him to transform Liza from a corner street summit girl to a perfect speaking younglady worthy of being in a high class environment. Another example where we see Pickering being very gentleman like to Liza is in act 5 where Liza is talking to Pickering about how he has helped her build the arrogance she had by Your calling me Miss Doolittle that day when I first came to Wimpole Street. That was the beginning of vanity for me. And there were a hundred little things you never noticed, because they came naturally to you. Things about standing up and taking off your hat and opening doors.During the puritanical beat volume of the men were gentleman or at least nice to other peopl e. Pickering during this time found his role and responsibilities and played it well by being an almost perfect gentleman. The reader sees this in act 5 when Liza gave thanks to Pickering for being a gentleman and treating her like a lady. Your calling me Miss Doolittle that day when I came to Wimpole Street. That was the beginning of self-respect for me. Another way he showed a character that was nothing but a gentleman was when he offered to make up for the lessons that Liza would have to pay for herself with the money that Higgins threw at her in act 1. Pickering gave Liza the opportunity to turn into a high class woman with the ability to be around other high class woman and act like she belonged there. This illustrates that although Higgins only took it turning Liza to a high class woman as a joke, Pickering saw it as an opportunity to turn a blossom girl to something much better and he gave her that option. In the victorian time the culture for men where either respecting wom en or not respecting them. Like in act 5 Higgins does not respect Liza when confronted about what happened in act 4 but when Pickering does confront her also in act 5 he does so in a manner that respects Liza in a way that does not insult her or disrespect her in any way.In conclusion Pickering shows us that he was a gentleman through most of the play and does not disrespect her in any way because those are part of his values, that is how he treats the majority of characters, and during that time that was the culture at the time.

Objectives of Standard Costing

Objectives of type CostingWhat is the definition of specimen tolling? warning being is the system of apply touchstone cost. normal cost involves using the predetermined costs/ timeworn costs to comp be with the authentic to feel the difference or discrepancy. Variance dissolve be uncomely ( real yield is worse than step) or gilded (actual resolving is better than tired). An adverse chance variable tells counseling that if everything else stays regular the comp any(prenominal)s actual profit give be less than planned. Whereas, a good variance tells way that if everything else stays constant the actual profit will likely exceed the planned profit.What ar the major objectives of specimens costing?What atomic number 18 types of cost shopworns?The trite is the level of advance accepted by management as the basis upon which standard costs be determined. There be four different standards to con situationr which ar up-to-the-minute standard, holy person st andard, basic standard and normal standard. A current standard is a standard which is established for subprogram over a short period of prison term and is related to current condition. It smoothens the executing that should be come through during the current period. The period for current standard is normally ane year. It is presumed that conditions of production will remain unchanged. In case there is any change in exp get throughd upiture or manufacturing condition, the standards be also revised. ongoing standard whitethorn be ideal standard and expected standard. However, ideal standard is the standard which represents a high level of efficiency. ideal standard is hardened on the assumption that favorable conditions will prevail and management will be at its best. The price paid for genuines will be lowest and wastes etc. will be minimum possible. The labor time for making the production will be minimum and rates of fee will also be low. The overheads expenses are also set with ut some efficiency in mind. All the conditions, both internal and external, should be favorable and only then ideal standard will be achieved. Ideal standard is fixed on the assumption of those conditions which may rarely exist. This standard is non practicable and may non be achieved. Though this standard may not be achieved, even then an effort is made. The digression between targets and actual performance is ignorable. In practice, ideal standard has an adverse effect on the employees. They do not try to r to each one the standard beca accustom the standards are not considered realistic. Third standard which is basic standard may be defined as a standard which is established for use for an indefinite period which may a spacious period. Basic standard is established for a long period and is not ad anded to the planned conations. The same standard remains in force for a long period. These standards are revised only on the changes in specification of material a nd technology productions. It is indeed simply like a number against which concomitant process changes can be measured. Basic standard enables the measurement of changes in costs. For example, if the basic cost for material is Rs. 20 per unit and the current price is Rs. 25 per unit, it will show an increase of 25% in the cost of materials. The changes in manufacturing costs can be measured by taking basic standard, as a base standard cannot serve as a tool for cost control purpose because the standard is not revised for a long time. The deviation between standard cost and actual cost cannot be utilise as a yard measure for measuring efficiency. The delay one is normal standard. As per terminology, normal standard has been defined as a standard which, it is anticipated, can be attained over a future period of time, preferably long equal to wield one share cycle. This standard is based on the conditions which will cover a future period of five years, concerning one trade cyc le. If a normal cycle of ups and downs in gross sales and production is 10 years, then standard will be set on mean(a) sales and production which will cover all the years. The standard attempts to cover variance in the production from one time to an another(prenominal) time. An mean(a) is taken from the periods of recession and depression. The normal standard concept is theoretical and cannot be used for cost control purpose. Normal standard can be properly applied for absorption of overhead cost over a long period of time.What are the advantages and disadvantages of standard costing system?Standard costing have several advantages. First advantage of standard costing is as a key grammatical constituent in a management by elision approach. If costs remain within the standards, managers can concentrate on on other issues. When costs fall significantly step to the foreside the standards, managers are alerted that there may be problems requiring attention. This approach helps man agers focus on in-chief(postnominal) issues. Second advantage is standard costing is standards that are viewed as fairish by employees can promote economy and efficiency. They provide benchmarks that individuals can use to judge their own performance. Besides that, standard costs can greatly simplify bookkeeping. Instead of recording actual costs for each job, the standard costs for materials, labor, and overhead can be charged to jobs. Last only when not least, standard costs fit naturally in an compound system of responsibility accounting. The standards establish what costs should be, who should be responsible for them, and what actual costs are under control. However, the use of standard costs can present a number of potential problems or disadvantages. Most of these problems issue from improper use of standard costs and the management by exception principle or from using standard costs in situations in which they are not appropriate. Standard cost variance reports are ordi narily prepared on a monthly basis and often are released days or even weeks aft(prenominal) the end of the month. As a consequence, the information in the reports may be so stale that it is close to useless. Timely, frequent reports that are approximately correct are better than extraordinary reports that are very precise but out of date by the time they are released. Some companies are now reporting variances and other key operating data daily or even more(prenominal) frequently. Besides that, if managers are insensitive and use variance reports as a club, morale may suffer. Employees should receive autocratic reinforcement for work head done. Management by exception, by its nature, tends to focus on the negative. If variances are used as a club, subordinates may be tempted to cover up untoward variances or take actions that are not in the best engage of the company to hasten sure the variances are favorable. For example, workers may put on a crash effort to increase outp ut at the end of the month to avoid an unfavorable labor efficiency variance. In the brace to evoke output quality may suffer. In some cases, a favorable variance can be as bad as or worse than an unfavorable variance. For example, McDonalds has a standard for the amount of hamburger meat that should be in a Big Mac. A favorable variance would mean that less meat was used than standard specifies. The result is a substandard Big Mac and possibly an unsatisfied customer. other problem of using standard costing, there may be a intent with standard cost reporting systems to emphasize meeting the standards to the excommunication of other fundamental objectives such as maintaining and improving quality, on-time delivery, and customer satisfaction. This tendency can be reduced by using supplemental performance measures that focus on these other objectives. Just meeting standards may not be sufficient continual improvement may be indispensable to survive in the current competitive e nvironment. For this reason, some companies focus on the trends in the standard cost variances aiming for continual improvement rather than just meeting the standards. In other companies, engineered standards are being replaced either by a rolling average of actual costs, which is expected to decline, or by very challenging target costs. In sum, managers should exercise considerable profession organisation in their use of a standard cost system. It is particularly important that managers go out of their way to focus on the positive, rather than just on the negative, and to be aware of possible unintended consequences. Nevertheless standard costs are still found in the vast mass of manufacturing companies and in many service companies, although their use is changing. For evaluating performance, standard cost variances may be supplanted in the future by a particularly elicit development known as the balanced scorecard.How standard costs are sets?Standards should be set for the qu antities and prices of materials, task and services to be consumed in execute each movement associated with a product. Product standard costs are derived by listing and adding the standard costs of operations required to produce a particular product. Two approaches are used or mise en scene standard costs. First, past historical records can be used to foretell labour and material usage. Secondly, standards can be set based on engineering studies. With engineering studies a detailed study of each operation is unedertaken under controlled conditions, based on high levels of efficiency, to ascertain the quantities of labour and materials required. bum prices are then applied based on efficient acquire to ascertain the standard costs.How a standard costing system operates?Standard costing is most suited to an organization whose activities consist of a serial publication of repetitive operations and the input required to produce each unit of output can be specified. A standard cos ting system involves the followingThe standard costs for the actul output are recorded for each operation for each responsibilty centre.Actual costs for each operation are traced to each responsibility centre.The standard and actual costs are compared.Variances are investigated and corrective action is taken where appropriateStandards are monitored and adjusted to reflect changes in standard usage and/or prices.VariancesWhat is the main purpose of variance analysis?There are very few plans that turn out exactly as planned. Even when the overall objectives of the plan are achieved, some, if not all components of the performance will have varied from the sub-plans or standards that make up the overall picture. For example, a football team may win an important game, as planned, but within the team performance there may be many aspects that the manager will analyse during and after the match so that performance can be improved for near time. As in business, good points need to be encou raged, less positive aspects need to be discussed and corrected. In a game of football, a side may have won a high number of boxwood kicks, but conceded too many free-kicks in defending. There is little to be gained for the next match if we do not think about the last performance in detail.Variance analysis provides a framework for business managers to breakdown the overall performance of an organisation, so that each individual element of the business can be isolated and analysed in turn.What are the causes of labour, material, overhead, and sales margin variances?Quantities cost variances arise because the actual quantity of resources consumed exceed actual usage or vice versa. Examples include excess usage of materials and labour arising from the usage of interior materials, careless handling of materials and failure to maintain machinery in proper condition. Price variances arise when the actual prices paid for resources exceed the standard prices or else. Examples include the failure of the purchasing function to seek the most efficient sources of supply or the use of a different stage of labour to that incorporation in the standard costs.How to calculate material, labour, variable overhead, fixed overhead, and sales variances.

Kate Chopins The Storm :: essays research papers

A ram Within the StormThere are two pushs in Kate Chopins The Storm. The first happens as Bobi non (Calixtas husband) and Bibi (Calixtas son) are at Freidheimers store. Unable to passing play home in such a downpour, they remain there postponement for the storm to pass. Meanwhile, Calixta, at home, felt no uneasiness for their safety (108). Preparing for the storm, Calixta goes to benefit the clothes on the line outside. As she stepped outside, Alcee Laballiere rode in at the gate. She had not seen him very often since her marriage, and never alone (108). As they both took haunt in the house from the storm outside, the second storm begins to brew.Calixta, scared from the storm, finds herself in Alcees arms. Do you remember-in Assumption, Calixta? he asked...Oh she remembered for in Assumption he had kissed her and kissed her and kissed her (109). As both storms begin to peak, they retreat to her bedroom. They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements do her laugh as she lay in his arms. Her firm, elastic flesh that was sharp for the first time its birthright, was like a creamy lily (110). This second storm seems to pass with the first. The rain is over...Calixta, on the gallery, watched Alcee ride away. He turned and smiled and she bring up her pretty chin in the air and laughed aloud (110). As Bobinot and Bibi return, they image in the backdoor expecting the wrath of Calixta for being muddy. To their surprise, she is rather carefree and seems only evoke in their safe return. Bobinot pulls out from his pocket, shrimp he had purchased earlier, and they prepare to fertilise that night. The feast was full of laughter and relaxation. In the meantime, Alcee writes his wife, Clarisse, in Beloxi. It was a loving letter, full of tender solitude (111). How does everything just go back to frequent without difficulty of any kind?

How Power Corrupted the Pigs in Animal Farm by George Orwell :: Free Essay Writer

The sarcasm Animal Farm by George Orwell expresses the idea of self-government through the animals. The animals walkover the role of gentlemans, in this way using most, if not exclusively, of the human characteristics. Because the animals dissolve that they want to run the farm by themselves, they make up a way of living called Animalism. The basic principles of Animalism ar two, all animals are to be treated as equals, and no animals shall acquire any human traits or characteristics whatsoever. The seven commandments under which they live are based on these major principles. As soon as they develop a unharmed new system, they throw out all of the humans that run the farm. sluice though they are supposed to be equal, the pigs begin to take control. By the end of the novel, the pigs have manipulated the rest of the animals into doing everything they want. The pigs then become almost precisely like the humans. The most important pigs are forty winks and sweet sand verbena, t hat is until Napoleon throws Snowball from the farm. It is throughout this satire that Orwell illustrates how power corrupts by showing the pigs actions. Power corrupts, arrogant power corrupts absolutely is a concept widely understood aft(prenominal) having read Orwells satire. It is first shown when the pigs take the milk and apples, explaining to the rest of the animals that everyone is equal, but some are just more equal than early(a)s. They also point that the pigs do more thinking, and therefore need more energy to do so. It is in the latter part of the book, that the concept of corruption gradually earns its meaning. When Napoleon forces Snowball to leave the farm, the power is all his. Napoleon fixes anything that goes wrong on the farm simply by blaming Snowball. He insists that Snowball had always mean everything in order to harm the farm. Napoleon does not have a limit. The pigs break all seven commandments, some without notice, simply because power is addictive, an d they incessantly want more of it. It is never enough. These commandments are to be followed by all the animals living on the farm at all times. Included in these commandments is the sixth one which states that no animal shall kill any other animal. Napoleon breaks this commandment when he kills the chickens he says are against him and the farms ideals.

Biography of Adam Smith Essay -- Adam Smith Moral Philosopher Philosop

life sentence of Adam SmithSmith was one of those 18th century stinting moral philosophers whose impulses led to our modern day theories his work marks the find of an evolutionary approach which has progressively displaced the stationary Aristotelian viewinvisible Hand- both individual necessarily labors to r displaceer the annual revenue enhancement of the society as great as he can. He in general then neither intends to erect the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. He intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in adult maley a(prenominal) other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectu every(prenominal)y than when he really intends to promote it. I wee-wee never known much good through with(p) by those who affected to trade for the public good.(The wealth of Nations).Government- on the whole systems either of preferen ce or of restraint, therefore, being thus completely taken away, the obvious and simple system of natural liberty establishes itself of its own accord. Every man, as long as he does not violate the legal philosophys of justice, is left-hand(a) perfectly free to pursue his own interest his own way, and to accept both his industry and capital into competition with those of any other man or order of men. The sovereign politician is completely discharged from a duty, in the attempting to perform which he must always be exposed to interminable delusions, and for the proper performance of which no human wisdom or cognition could ever be sufficient the duty of superintending the industry of private people. (The wealth of Nations, vol. II, bk. IV, ch. 9.)Monopoly- A monopoly granted either to an individual or to a commerce company has the same effect as a secret in trade or manufactures. The monopolists, by keeping the market constantly understocked, by never fully supplying the effec tual demand, sell their commodities much above the natural price, and raise their emoluments, whether they consist in wages or profit, greatly above their natural rate. (vol. I, bk. I, ch. 7.) People of the same trade seldom stand together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a crew against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices. It is impossible indeed to prevent such meetings by any law which either could be executed, or would be ... ...ts governor. He set forth the great lesson that all economists come to sooner or later. I quote Professor Heilbroner First, he Adam Smith has explained how prices are kept from ranging arbitrarily away from the actual cost of producing a good. Second, he has explained how society can induce its producers of commodities to provide it with what it wants. Third, he has pointed come out why high prices are a self-curing disease, for they cause production in those lines to increase. And finally, he has account ed for a basic similarity of incomes at each direct of the great producing strata of the nation. In a word, he has found in the utensil of the market a self-regulating system which provides for societys orderly provision. (p. 49.) The difficulty I have with Robert Heilbroner, a most interesting man to read, is his assertion that the law of the market, is a man-made institution.18 The market is not something that we can choose to have or not to have, it exists and will exist no matter the political regime, and no matter the number of coercive laws we would like to pass. One cannot admirer coming to this conclusion as one expands the thoughts expressed in The Wealth of Nations.

Brief History of Sustainability :: Environment Economy Sustainable Development

A Brief History of SustainabilityModern industries exempt operate according to paradigms that developed when humans had a very various sense of the world (McDonough and Braungart 26)when resources were thought to be infinite. In 1972 the UN convened the Conference on the Human Environment where the spherical community acknowledged that more geographic expedition was needed of the inter-relationships between the environment and socio-economic issues of poverty and under victimisation. Thus the concept of sustainable development emerged in the 1980s in response to a developing realization of the need to balance economic and social progress with match for the environment and the stewardship of natural resources (Education, par. 2).The concept of sustainability has since permeated the globe. It is integrated within curricula or use to refer to green campus initiatives at numerous international and national universities, including Yale, Stanford, Harvard, azimuth State University, UMass Lowell (Lowell Center for Sustainable Production), UMass Amherst, UMass Boston, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Alaska Anchorage, George cap University, and Colombia. MIT is part of an international partnership called the coalition for Global Sustainability. Created in 1997, the Alliance brings together hundreds of university scientists, engineers, and social scientists to address complex issues that lie at the interbreeding of environmental, economic and social goals (Alliance).In 1999 Dow Jones launched Sustainability Indexes, which are the first global indexes tracking the financial performance of the leading sustainability-driven companies worldwide (Dow). By 2002, at the UN Johannesburg Summit, social justice and poverty were recognized as key principles to development that is sustainable. The human and social aspects of sustainable development meant that solidarity, equity, partnership and cooperation were as of the essence(p) as scientific approaches to environmental protection (Education, par. 6).At the 2002 Summit, the United Nations oecumenical Assembly declared years 20052014 the Decade for Education for Sustainable teaching as a way of signalling that education and learning lie at the heart of approaches to sustainable development (Education, par. 6). According to the UN Educational, Social, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), up(p) the quality of education and reorienting its goals to recognize the importance of sustainable development essential be one of UNESCOs and the worlds highest priorities (Education, par. 10).The Association of University leadership for Sustainable Development, whose mission is to make sustainability a major focus of teaching, research, operations and outreach at colleges and universities worldwide (About), has partnered with the International Association of Universities and UNESCO.The rationale for

Julian Assange and WikiLeaks Essay -- Politics Current Events

WikiLeaks is more than just a website. It is one of the quickest growing, nonprofit news organizations in the twenty first century. With millions of documents posted, WikiLeaks has recently released everywhere 250,000 documents related to US Embassy message traffic a majority of which are either Secret NOFORN (No Foreign Nationals) or Classified. The disclosure of these documents has seriously prevent diplomatic relations between various countries, with the US being the basal target. In these various cables, as theyre commonly referred to, the internal thoughts and opinions of several(prenominal) high ranking United States officials is laid bare for anyone with internet feeler to observe. Many would claim that this is an extreme exercise in Freedom of pitch simply keeping open the lines of communication between our government and its people. This is a righteous faade of the truth. The reality is this WikiLeaks is damaging. It is damaging to our countrys talent to pres ent a coherent and clear diplomatic embrace to our friends and ally alike.The people releasing the material dont seem to percent the same assertion of the consequences of their actions. WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange claims Since 2006, we have been working on this philosophy that organizations which are abusive and need to be in the public eye. If their appearance is revealed to the public, they have one of two choices one is to reform in such a way that they can be proud of their endeavors, and proud to demo them to the public. Or the other is to lock down internally and to balkanize, and as a result, of course, cease to be as efficient as they were. (TIME)In supposition this sounds fine, but the context has to be set properly for this argument to ... ...for it. workings CitedStengel, Richard. Transcript TIME Interview with WikiLeaks Julian Assange - TIME. Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, tech Reviews. 30 Nov. 2010. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. .A Br eakdown of the 251,287 Diplomatic Cables and Their Potential Fallout. Washington commit Politics, National, World & D.C. Area News and Headlines WASHINGTON POST, 30 Nov. 2010. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. .Condon, Stephanie. Poll Americans concerned WikiLeaks Dump Will Hurt the U.S. - Political Hotsheet - CBS News. Breaking News Headlines Business, amusement & World News. 03 Dec. 2010. Web. 03 Dec. 2010. .

International New Ventures Essay -- International Business

IntroductionThe article A Theory of worldwide red-hot Ventures A Decade of enquiry by Zahra (2005) is based on findings based on look into sparked by the run of Oviatt and McDougall (1994) Toward a Theory of International New Ventures. In this article, Zahra (2005) builds on the authors research framework, highlighting aspects which expand on the original article and pointing out those which admit re-examination in the light of accumulating empirical findings. The term international entrepreneurship as essential by Oviatt and McDougall (1994) brings international business theory into an integrated model of International New Ventures (INVs) with an approach based on unique resources and network relationships facilitated by information and communication technology. Defined as a business presidency formed for the purpose of deriving significant competitive advantage from the put on of resources and sale of outputs in multiple countries, INVs play an integral role in todays orbi culate economy as recent global conditions have made the INV form of organization competitive (Oviatt and McDougall, 1994).Literature studyThe emergence of INVs is one of the defining features of modern global capitalism (Oviatt and McDougall, 1994). These INVs attain from the globalized economy in various ways extending their technological learning by tapping into various sources of innovation and competitive advantages as found in the results of a study by Zahra, Ireland and Hitt (2000). Oviatt and McDougall (1994) identified four types of INVs using two dimensions coordination of tax chain activities and the number of countries involved namely- export/import start-ups, multinational trader, geographic focused start ups and global start-up... ....D. and Hitt, M.A (2000) International Expansion by New Venture Firms International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning and instruction execution, Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5) pp. 925-950. Business mentio n Premier (Online). purchasable at http//ehis.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/ehost/ (Accessed 8 April 2012).Zahra, S. & George, G. (2002) International Entrepreneurship The Current Status of the Field and coming(prenominal) Research Agenda. In M. Hitt, D. Ireland, D. Sexton & M. Camp (Eds.). Strategic Entrepreneurship Creating an incorporated Mindset. Oxford Blackwell, 255-288.Zahra, S.A. (2005) A Theory of International New Ventures A Decade of Research, Journal of International Business Studies, 36 (1) pp. 2028. Business Source Premier (Online) Available at www.jstor.org.libproxy1.liv.ac.uk/stable/pdfplus/3875288.pdf (Accessed 10 April 2012).

Senate Essay -- American History, The Confederation Congress

The Confederation Congress was plagued with problems, as the nisuser colonies struggled to form a field identity. The wish of permanent physical location and united national organization, led to problems of inaction, following the Revolutionary war. Congresss miss of power and frequent inability to act (often due to a lack of quorum or the need for a supermajority for certain decisions) demanded reform (Wirls, p. 58). The founders agreed on the need for reform, opposing groups argued about the nature. federalists argued for a strong national government, with few re cedeatives, removed the day to day local political affairs. They desired a group of political elites, free to make decisions based on national interests. In order to promote an independent nature within the senate, Federalists advocated grand terms, some advocating lifetime involutions. The anti-Federalists rejected the idea of permanent elite, instead promoting great(p) numbers of representatives, with clear groups of political constituents. Rather than the crme de la crme of society, anti-Federalists envisioned a kaleidoscope representatives would personally reflect the interests of constituents. During the final constitutional architectural plan for the U.S. Senate, a compromise was reached anti-Federalist views were incorporated through the equal apportionment and appointment by states, Federalists insured independence in the senate by instituting staggered six course of study terms. Compromise between the Federalist and anti-Federalist was reached through a series of decisions, in no small part assisted by the fact that those against strengthening the Federal government were not present, the formid open talents who were opposed to the project of fortifying the... ...emate concerning the national congress. With the rights of small states protected through equal representation in the senate, the convention was able to move forward in forming a strong national go vernment with responsibilities and rights separate from the states. Federalists were able to protect the independence of the senate, through staggered six family terms and more stringent eligibility requirements than those for the House of Representatives. The eventual formation of a separate national capital insured the both physically as well as psychologically desired independence of the senate and congress. The members of both sides present shared a mutual understanding of the need for a senate in a stronger national system. The decisions which lead to the compromise resulted in the creation of a senate which included both Federalist and anti-Federalist views.

The Hong Kong Chinese Community :: essays research papers

The Hong Kong Chinese Community     The Hong Kong Chinese community is an affluent, educated, and humppopulation in the Greater Toronto Area. The enigma is why they have only mademarginal inroads into the political arna.Olivia cabbage, a Metro councilor representing the Downtown harbor says "thiscommunity has potential to be very powerful...its nowhere near its potential."Chow is the highest-profile Hong Kong expatriate to win elected office in theGTA. Others include tammy Goosen, Soo Wong, Carrie Cheng, and Peter Lam.Many are convinced that the reason is because Hong Kong "is a compoundplace where they had no say in government whatsoever." "In Hong Kong, theresnever been any democratic procedure until a few years ago." "Chinese culturethrough thousands of years has never had an elected-representative type ofWestern res worlda system. So its not a surprise...(Hong Kong) is not a placewhere lot exercise their democratic rights. " There is a very common tactual sensationthat you should not offend or challenge authority.People have mazed a lot of confidence in politicians because of poorexamples provided by on-going tensions between Communist China and nationalistTaiwan. "We have to educate them and reassure them administration in North America andCanada is very different from what they motto of politics in Hong Kong and China."Dr. Joseph Wong, whose community activism has earned him the Order ofCanada, thinks that despite changes in Chinese attitudes, fear is still anobstacle towards political evolution. People are not afraid to demand for equalrights but the so-called mainstream politics and elected office is stillbaffling to the Chinese. The Chinese communitys history in Canada also plays amajor role in its reluctance to gauge into politics. Following the completionof the Canadian Pacific Railway, the federal government oblige a heavy head taxon new Chinese immigrants. Only from the la te 1960s and early 1970s, theTrudeau government liberalization of immigration that Chinese plurality came toCanada from Hong Kong. In 1979 , he organized a expression to urge thefederal government to admit more "boat people" - community members were appalled."Dont rock the boat" was exactly what they said. They said that Canada hadgiven them a shelter and they should not demand any rights.Later that year, W5 - a CTV public affairs program - aired a segmentcalled Campus Giveaway, which was about Chinese students taking over Canadianuniversities and leaving Canadian students out in the cold. Within 2 to 3months, there were 16 anti-W5 committees. The protest in the end forced W5 tooffer an unqualified apology. Those 16 groups went on to form the Chinese

Eve Essay -- essays research papers

Reinventing literary History- Cregan Joselyn WohlParadise Lost by John Milton2/16/99It is obvious to the reader that John Milton blames eve entirely for initiating theoriginal nether region and thus lo faultg Paradise. It is she who convinces her husband to allow themto work separately, and it is she who is coerced to eat the fruit that was expresslyforbidden by God. John Miltons view is patriarchal, solely involves a contradictorydescription of even as logical, for men at that conviction did not view women as intelligent. Miltons demonstration of Eves ability to analyze Gods commands with reason and her experience savvy emphasizes his opinion that in order to succeed one needs hardly when to havefaith in God, which supersedes all intellect, for God is the most lettered being. cristal has the undying faith necessary to remain in Paradise, notwithstanding Eve obviously does notand is therefore responsible for her sins, and for their banishment.In deciding how spell and Eve result carry out their daily labors, Eve wants towork apart from tenner and to divide their labours becauseWhile so come along eachother thus all dayTheir task they choose, what wonder if so unspoiltLooks intervene and smiles, or object newCasual discourse railroad tie on, which intermitsTheir days work brought to little, though begunEarly, and thhour of Supper comes u estimablend (ix, 220-224).Eves rationalization for working separately from offer is that she recalls that they pass onbe able to get more work done considering the circumstance that they will not be distracted by eachother. Adam feels protective over Eve and is fearful that the malicious Foe/ Envyingtheir happiness, and of his avow/ Despairing, seeks to work them woe and shame/ Bysly assault (ix, 253-256). Adam is taking into careful considerat... ...tonemphasizes a womans inability to find without her husband, because when Eve goes off on her own and tries touse logic she sins. The snake in the grasss wor ds replete with guile/ Into her heart too smoothentrance won... and in her ears the sound/ Yet rung of his persuasive words, impregnd/With Reason, to her seeming, and with Truth (ix, 733-738). Milton is insinuating herethat the serpents malicious lies seemed like the fair play to ignorant and naive Eve. Eatingthe fruit explicitly forbidden by her creator, she is guilty of the fall of Paradise, despiteher obvious intelligence and reasoning. The irony of Miltons argument is that Eve doeshave a well functioning brain, still he final concept is wrong. Women may be intelligent only if they are not wise because Eve has sinned against God, and there is no worsenedned act that aProtestant can commit. In order to be successful in life, one must possess wisdom, and itseems that Milton does not broadcast it within Eves character, still in Adams character, theman. In conclusion, even though a woman can conjecture analytically, she cannot make wisejudgements on her own and is susceptible to mistakes and sins, usually brought close byfoul temptation. Eve Essay -- essays research papers Reinventing literary History- Cregan Joselyn WohlParadise Lost by John Milton2/16/99It is obvious to the reader that John Milton blames Eve entirely for initiating theoriginal sin and thus losing Paradise. It is she who convinces her husband to allow themto work separately, and it is she who is coerced to eat the fruit that was expresslyforbidden by God. John Miltons view is patriarchal, nevertheless involves a contradictorydescription of Eve as logical, for men at that sentence did not view women as intelligent. Miltons demonstration of Eves ability to analyze Gods commands with reason and herown judgment emphasizes his opinion that in order to succeed one needs only to havefaith in God, which supersedes all intellect, for God is the most knowledgeable being. Adam has the undying faith necessary to remain in Paradise, but Eve obviously does notand is therefore resp onsible for her sins, and for their banishment.In deciding how Adam and Eve will carry out their daily labors, Eve wants towork apart from Adam and to divide their labours becauseWhile so boney eachother thus all dayTheir task they choose, what wonder if so nearLooks intervene and smiles, or object newCasual discourse deplume on, which intermitsTheir days work brought to little, though begunEarly, and thhour of Supper comes unearnd (ix, 220-224).Eves rationalization for working separately from Adam is that she conceptualizes that they willbe able to get more work done considering the fact that they will not be distracted by eachother. Adam feels protective over Eve and is fearful that the malicious Foe/ Envyingtheir happiness, and of his own/ Despairing, seeks to work them woe and shame/ Bysly assault (ix, 253-256). Adam is taking into careful considerat... ...tonemphasizes a womans inability to think without her husband, because when Eve goes off on her own and tries touse logi c she sins. The serpents words replete with guile/ Into her heart too light-coloredentrance won... and in her ears the sound/ Yet rung of his persuasive words, impregnd/With Reason, to her seeming, and with Truth (ix, 733-738). Milton is insinuating herethat the serpents malicious lies seemed like the right to ignorant and naive Eve. Eatingthe fruit explicitly forbidden by her creator, she is guilty of the fall of Paradise, despiteher obvious intelligence and reasoning. The irony of Miltons argument is that Eve doeshave a well functioning brain, but he final judgment is wrong. Women may be intelligentbut they are not wise because Eve has sinned against God, and there is no worse act that aProtestant can commit. In order to be successful in life, one must possess wisdom, and itseems that Milton does not put in it within Eves character, but in Adams character, theman. In conclusion, even though a woman can think analytically, she cannot make wisejudgements on her own and is suscep tible to mistakes and sins, usually brought or so byfoul temptation.

Grapes of Wrath :: essays papers

Grapes of Wrath In John Steinbecks epic, The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family is the example of the works class family during the 1930s. The novel depicts the Joad family as they are struggling to move from an unfertile farm in Oklahoma to the gold coast of California. They are drive off of their farm by not only the dust-bowl, tho because they quite a littlet pay the mortgage to the banks, despite their hard work. Work is a very important theme in the book. Steinbeck is describing a family whose livelihood comes from operative on the territory. This has two meanings. The first describes their jobs as farmers who are literally running(a) on the land to make it produce crops. The second meaning further is much deeper it describes the literal process that farmers such as the Joads go by dint of on the farm. They work the land by cultivating it and treating the soil the right way. They amaze their own blood, sweat, and tears into the land. In return the land sp routs crops, which they would then change for money. The land however is destroyed by the dust bowl and the Joads submit no place to work. They are skilled only for the farm. This is the first supposition that Steinbeck gives some work. He shows a family with a skill, but in a place where the skill had no worth. Al seems to be knowledgeable about fixing cars, but for the most part, the only way that the Joads have, or female genitals survive is as farmers. This is a direct statement on what the industrial revolution was doing to America in the time period. The jobs on the farm that were through by hand were becoming machine tasks. Steinbeck makes a very strident statement against the machines that came about and blamed them for much of what happens to the Joads that force them to leave the land. Steinbeck doesnt only use the machines as the machine that literally forces the Joads off of their farms, but also incorporates the ideas that the big businesses are using the machine to do the jobs of the actual farm families. Work is what the driver of the tractor had to do when he comes to remove the Joads from the land in Chapter Five.

Frankenstein And Schizoprenia (My Teacher LOVED This Paper) :: essays research papers fc

Schizophrenia and FrankensteinIn a psychoanalytic view of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Robert Walton develops, during a dreadfully unsafe excursionist through the Arctic, a type of schizophrenia this mental actor enables him to create a seemingly physical being representing each his superego and his id (9). In his mind, Walton creates Victor as his very own superego and the monster as his id. The superego and the id battle throughout the story to produce the final result Walton, the ego. Many of the qualities Walton develops during his trip are symptoms of schizophrenia. His letters exude an aura of depression, loneliness, In his second letter, Walton emphasizes an fixing with his aspiration to lose his loneliness. He desires the company of a man who could empathise with him (Shelley 7). According to Merrell Dow, Preoccupationsare fixed ideas, not necessarily false (like delusions) plainly overvalued. They take on extraordinary importance and take up an commit amount of thoug ht time. One idea often returns and returnsCharacteristically, the business organisation grows and becomes chimerical (par 16).Walton reiterates his loneliness even though he is surrounded by batch on his ship, he has no friend (Shelley 7-8). Contributing to this feeling of isolation, Walton uses a tone of depression in his letters, a recurring feeling he experiences. He hints in nearly every letter clues indicating his fear of death. He wants his sister to remember him with affection should she never hear from him again (Shelley 10). By constantly mentioning the possibility of his own death in his letters, Shelley stresses Waltons overvalued worry of dying. Walton longs to see his sister his mental condition leads him to even consider himself abandoned. Walton admits that victor during this mission will lead to many, many months, perhaps years forward they would meet again however, failure results in either quick button for home, or death (Shelley 6). Whether he succeeds or f ails, he will postulate negative results. These constant recurrences emphasize the validity of his mental illness. As he develops the mental disease, Walton creates a world that makes sense in his mind, and his mind unsocial he lives in a Paradise of his own creation with characters whom cover from his own psyche (Shelley 5). Once schizophrenia becomes severe, Walton develops two seemingly authoritative characters in his imagination. Waltons mental condition and obsessive longing for person to connect with leads him to separate himself mentally from his superego and id.

surrogate mothers Essay -- essays research papers

A foster Mother is defined as an adult woman who enters into an agreement to turn back a child conceived through aid conception for intended pargonnts.The couple on is usually bootred to as intended p arnts who enter into an agreement providing that they will be the parents of a child born to a switch through assisted conception, using an egg or sperm of at least genius parent.1 RIGHT - substitute motherhood is a right empower to those who are ready and able to take on the responsibility of parenthood. refilling mothers fills a fundamental human longing. Procreation is a primitive instinct, and to some citizenry it is devastating not to be able to become parents Surrogate motherhood is a solution to this age-old problem. Even in the bible, Abraham and Sarah resorted to a "surrogate mother" that produced their son Ishmael.2NEED Surrogate motherhood fills a contend for infertile couples. 2.4 million infertile married American couples. It is estimated that one in s ix couples are affected by some degree of infertility. some people are marrying later and are delaying having children. After age 45, round 95% of women are unable to conceive on their own. Surrogate mothers in like manner fill the need for non-traditional families including the gay and lesbian population as tumefy as single heterosexuals.ISSUES OF COMMERCIAL SURROGATE MOTHERHOODAlthough earnings readiness not be the main motive for surrogacy, by making compensation illegal, it may decrease the amt. of surrogates availableSome people may refer to surrogate motherhood as baby sell but surrogate mothers are not selling the child they are just providing a serviceMedical Ethics professor at University of Texas stated, Baby selling is you have a born child that is sold to another person. here were talking about agreements made before conception has even off occurred where there is no existing child. Secondly, the genes, in the case of gestational surrogacy, are being provided by the couple that is hiring the surrogate, thus, in a sense, it is their genetic child.-the fee paid to the surrogate mother is not for the baby it compensates her for her time and effort, initiating and carrying the pregnancy, loose birth, accepting the risks of pregnancy and childbirth (pain, depression, sleep disturbances), and possible loss of utilisation opportunitiesThis $$ is often times seen as a gift to r... ...inancial REBUTTALChildrens Reaction my parents really wanted me or I could have had a diseaseOnly 1% of all surrogate mothers adjustment their brainiac and want to keep the baby as compared to 75% of birth mothers who change their minds in a traditional adoptionThe people who have struggled so hard to conceive their own child are probably the stovepipe candidates to be good parents, not the worstThe American Fertility friendship and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have recognized infertility as a disease. The statutes that are desig ned allow the surrogacy option only for those who are affected with a medically recognized disability.Baby M a psychological trial showed that Mary Beth Whitehead would have a problem giving up the child, but he agency handling the transaction did not take to task to read the report.$$$ - some agencies require that their surrogate applicants have some stripped-down family income level before being accepted into their program.$$$Money is a motivation just like it would be in other situations in which people are paid to be surrogate parents (nannies, workers in day manage centers, foster parents, and teachers in elementary schools)

Martin The Warrior :: essays research papers

MartinIn a time of danger A time of hunger The snarf was a stranger The mouse was strong He showed the cats With help from slightly bats How to behave He showed his pain, anger, and strife The creatures were thankful As a matter of fact He was honored for not only a life But for many years to comeThe novel, Martin the Warrior by Brian Jacques, is a take for ab come on a young mouse warrior named Martin, son of Luke the Warrior, a mouse that fought sea rats, One day, after the murder of most of his people (including his wife), Luke set sail to have his revenge against Vilu Daskar, the stoat pirate responsible for the massacre. sooner he left, he gave Martin his sword, which had been handed down through their family since Lukes own grandsire lived. This book is about how Martin travels through a land full of moles, squirrels, and other forest creatures which talk and walk upright. Martin goes around meeting creatures from all different lands and asks them to collaborate his arm y to fight a tyrant who is keeping slaves in his fort, Marshank. The mend of this book is how Martin and his friends fight the tyrant, Badrang, to free slaves. The main idea of the book is how and wherefore Martin and his army fight the tyrant. When Martin was captured as a slave for Badrang the Tyrant, he was furious. non only did the evil rat steal his fathers sword, he beat and do by all of the slaves horribly Devising a plan, Martin frees himself and two of his friends from the Marshank, the slave camping area brome the mouse and Felldoh the squirrel. bromegrasss sister, Laterose (Rose for short) and her companion Grumm the mole all set out with Martin and his friends to go get help from their hometown of Noonvale. Unfortunately, due to the seas conditions, Martin, Rose, and Grumm get separated from Brome and Felldoh. The two strings of the story carry on and tie in concert at the end Martins group eventually reaches Noonvale, where he returns to Badrang to get his revenge , and Brome and Felldoh join the Rambling Rosehip Players, a bunch of happy-go-lucky animals that do the hardships less hard, and also get to the slave camp. The ending is tragic, and whenever I immortalize it I get depressed. Martin, in the end, retrieves his sword from Badrang, and succeeds in killing him, except Rose, who he has become very much attached to, tries to help Martin in killing Badrang, but only ends up getting killed by him herself.

Scars of Sethe and Paul D in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay -- Toni Mor

The Scars of Sethe and capital of Minnesota D in Beloved Scars atomic number 18 undoubtably an incredible means of write uptelling in Beloved. No matter how a individual changes or what happens to them, these marks are another bit of tangible history, interest each of them wherever they may go. These physical characteristics are what one stand believe in, more than what is said or written. When written and oral run-in can many times not be trusted, physical characteristics depict another more certain form of communication--one that cannot be biased or altered. People not only know the identity of someone by knowing their scars, but each scar tells a story of what a person has gone through. Sethes back and the scars caused by her beating are weighty in the story in terms of telling a story of what shes been through, providing a way in which she and some of the other characters may connect. For example, Paul D learns more about Sethe and is able to connect with her through her scars. When Sethe number one attempts to explain to Paul D what had happened to her on pages 16-7, he has trouble correspondence the true...